DERIVATION

Definition

In morphology, derivation is the process of creating a new word out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix or a suffix. Adjective: derivational. Linguist Geert Booij notes that one criterion for distinguishing derivation and inflection "is that derivation may feed inflection, but not vice versa. Derivation applies to the stem-forms of words, without their inflectional endings, and creates new, more complex stems to which inflectional rules can be applied" (The Grammar of Words, 2005).  Derivational change that takes place without the addition of a bound morpheme (such as the use of the noun impact as a verb) is called zero derivation or conversion.

Types Of Derivation

1.Adjective Derivation

adjective derivation is the adjective that is generated from the process of adding an affix either in the form prefix or suffix.

Number	Affixes (Suffix/prefix)	The Example of  Adjective Derivation
1	-able, -ble	changeable, credible, readable, questionable, teachable, workable
2	-al, -ial, -ical	aboriginal, disfunctional, periodical, procedural, territorial, theorical
3	-ant, -ent, -ient	convenient, different, exultant, ignorant, important, observant
4	-ar, -ary	singular, spectacular, unitary
5	-ate	fortunate, intimate, latinate, passionate, separate
6	-ed	bearded, bored, coordinated, melted, monied, tender-hearted
7	-en	Silken
8	-ful	beautiful, delightful, hopeful, hurtful, playful, useful
9	-ic	empiric, energetic, enthusiastic, generic, periodic, romantic
10	-ile	fragile, projectile, volatile

2.    Noun Derivation

Noun derivation is a noun formed from the process of word formation in which the derivative noun notching results will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

Number	Affixes (Suffix/prefix)	The Example of Noun Derivation
1	-acy, -cy	conspiracy, intimacy, supremacy
2	-age	courage, marriage, tonnage
3	-al	disposal, emotional, referral
4	-an, -ian	electrician, guardian, technician
5	-ance, -ence	clearance, independance, tolerance
6	-ancy, -ency	brilliancy, consistency, expectancy
7	-ant, -ent	astringent, constant, pleasant
8	-ary	revolutionary, visionary
9	-ate	nitrate, delegate, magistrate
10	-ation, -tion	imagination, supremation, specialization

3.    Adverb Derivation

Adverb derivation is an adverb formed from the process of forming the word derivative adverb result form where they will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

Number	Affixes (Suffix/prefix)	The Example of Adverb Derivation
1	a-	along, aside, away
2	-ever	whenever, wherever
3	-fold	Threefold
4	-ily	explanatorily, fairily, happily
5	-ly	clearly, tightly, validly
6	-place	someplace, everyplace
7	-ward	backwards, frontwards, shorewards
8	-where	anywhere, somewhere
9	-wise	clockwise, likewise, profitwise

4.    Verb Derivation

Verb derivation is the verb form of the word formation process in which the derivative of the verb result form will have a different meaning of the word essentially.

Number	Affixes (Suffix/prefix)	The Example of Verb Derivation
1	-ate	activate, communicate, validate
2	-ed	studied, talked, walked
3	-en	blacked, heighten, widen
4	-er	flicker, shiver
5	-ify	beautify, justivy, intensivy
6	-ize	centralize, criticize, sympathize
7	en-	enclose, endanger, enlarge
8	be-	befriend, behappy